Analysing Aquafina Bottled Water

Breaking down Aquafina Bottled Water Aquafina filtered water is packaged around the nation in 33 distinct areas from metropolitan faucet water. It is both sifted and cleansed in a procedure that includes seven separate advances called the HydRO-7 Purification System. Remembered for the means are procedures, for example, filtration, presentation to high power light, assimilation, cleaning, and ozonization. What results is water that has a Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) substance of 4 sections for every million (ppm), 2.5 occasions lower than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) most extreme sum. The bundling of the water experiences a long procedure and makes some muda. Huge numbers of the Pepsi packaging forms are re-appropriated. For instance, the jugs are made by Amcor PET Packaging North America. The procedure is likewise extremely point by point and confused so as to guarantee both wellbeing and a dependable item. We will likewise be clarifying each material in the bundling procedure. Furthermore, we will talk about the ongoing blast of the water business and its natural ramifications in the course of the most recent decade. The measure of common assets being utilized to create the whole filtered water bundle, is remarkable, and causing a genuine issue. The earth is likewise being polluted consistently with a larger part of the containers being discarded rather than being reused. Alongside the decimation of our planet, plastic jugs and the water contained inside them are beginning to be viewed as a genuine wellbeing danger. For the practical piece of this paper, we will address Aquafinas numbers in the course of recent years and attempt to foresee what's to come. We will likewise make recommendations on the best way to increase a greater piece of the overall industry, and how to make safe items in a business viewpoint. Pepsi-Colas Aquafina, which has ruled as the main brand for quite a while, has become the U.S. filtered water businesss first billion-dollar brand in quite a while supported solid development in 2005 when discount dollar deals approached $1.3 billion. Presentation Filtered water is one of the greatest selling refreshments on the planet because of its comfort and quality taste. Regardless of whether because of the anxiety of the wellbeing of faucet water or the comfort of the container, filtered water keeps on picking up benefit share for organizations in the business. Explicitly for occupied undergrads, for example, ourselves, it has gotten progressively significant for us to have the option to drink water when not almost a water source. Consequently, the item we decided to consider is Aquafina filtered water. At the point when one buys a container of Aquafina, he will get the refined water and the jug where it is contained including its mark, nourishment realities and fixings, and a fixed top. In spite of the fact that the Aquafina water bottle is just implied for one use, many decide to top off their container with standard faucet water. Since Pacific Lutheran University gets its refreshments and candy machines through Pepsi, Aquafina is the most expended filtered water for our grounds. This report is the investigation of the Aquafina filtered water process, esteem stream, muda, and monetary assessment of the filtered water that is generally coursed on our grounds as well as around the globe. The HydRO-7 Purification System Filtering the Water Accomplishing Aquafina water is a mind boggling and confused procedure. Aquafina bottles water in 33 diverse civil areas around the nation from underground arrangement springs, a similar area as our faucet water. While faucet water is just separated and rewarded to expel microbes and contaminants, Aquafina makes an additional stride by cleaning the water utilizing the Hydro-7 filtration framework which evacuates substances as indicated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) norms. Maker of the best in class refinement framework, the HydRO-7 evacuates substances in seven unique advances. The Aquafina site furnishes the shopper with data identified with the filtration and refinement steps of its item (www.aquafina.com). Prefiltration In this initial step, the framework expels little particles in the water through a channel. Cleaning channel Here, this first cleaning channel (of 2) gets any particles that were missed in the past advance. High-power light An explosion of high vitality light grants vitality into the water stream to take out normally happening natural substances in the water. Turn around Osmosis (R.O.) Here, the framework utilizes pressure and a hyper channel to evacuate 98% of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and natural mixes from the water. The TDS is the total of every single broke up strong in water in parts per million. This progression utilizes semi-porous layers with littler pore sizes than miniaturized scale filtration, ultra filtration, and nano filtration to expel substances, for example, sodium and chloride from the water. Charcoal Filtration This progression segregates the components that influence the flavor of the water in a charcoal channel. Cleaning Filter This is the place the framework cleans the hydrogen and oxygen components in the water to make the water understood. Ozonization The framework passes decontaminated, oxygen-rich air through a creating cell. Here, three oxygen atoms are united to fend undesirable particles off. At the point when they have carried out their responsibility, they return to twofold oxygen atoms. Here is a standard Aquafina sustenance realities mark discovered either on the container or the bundling. More significant than what is in Aquafina water is the thing that has been expelled. The Aquafina site proposes that everything that the framework expels from the water is superfluous and maybe hurtful to people (www.aquafina.com). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires a limit of 500 ppm (parts per million) of TDSs in spring water and the FDA requires 10 ppm in purged water. Aquafina, a cleaned water, bottles water at 4 ppm, 2.5 occasions lower than the FDA standard (Mosko, 2004). The procedure expels the accompanying follow mixes from the water: Carbonates Bicarbonates Chlorides Sulfates Phosphates Nitrates Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium Iron Manganese Calcium and potassium are fundamental for the human body, however they are as yet evacuated. Aquafina claims that the moment levels in the water have little impact on human wellbeing and expelling them just conveys a progressively unadulterated water (www.aquafina.com). Anyway toward the finish of the filtration procedure, Â ¼ of the filtered water that Aquafina bottles is faucet water (Mosko, 2004). Aquafina cases to have the most perfect water in the business, however much increasingly unadulterated and containing less TDS is Penta water, which experiences a thorough 11-advance procedure and appropriates water with 0.5 ppm TDS. Pentas site likewise clarifies the procedure and the benefits of Penta in detail (http://www.pentawater.com/what.shtml). The Aquafina framework at the plant in Austin, Indiana, for instance, has bottles 32,000 gallons of water 60 minutes. The framework is PC checked and monitors which valves are open and shut and what amount is in each tank. The Aquafina framework is additionally utilized for packaging soda pops at the plant. All the water is carbon-separated in one of two tanks; a similar procedure is utilized for all the water that is utilized in sodas, just the Aquafina water experiences the additional progression of ozonization (Investing, 2004). Pepsi/Aquafina Bottling The Bottle Pepsi Bottling Ventures LLC (PBV) In July of 2002 the main items were being delivered at PBVs new little jug PET line in Raleigh, NC in a 200,000 sq ft creation/dissemination plant. This was a $40 million speculation for PBV that enabled the organization to build creation. PBV has packaging rights for Pepsi items covering the vast majority of North Carolina and a segment of Long Island, NY. One of the offices that moved up to the PBV creation packaging plant was the Raleigh area with the essential objective being the creation of filtered water under the Aquafina mark, one of the quickest developing items inside Pepsi. The requirement for this updated creation office from PBV offers Pepsi the capacity to be serious and cost-cognizant (Mans, 2003). Highlights Individual clean walled in areas are planned and produced by ICS Intl. These contain washing/topping/filling frameworks on the PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) lines. The fillers are housed in one room, with a typical warming, ventilating and cooling framework. The PBV plant includes an individual clean walled in area for each filling framework with monobloc filler watches that are incorporated into the essence of the fenced in area. The fenced in areas have an epoxy floor that is inclined to a hardened steel channel, vision boards and a total air-quality control framework. The dividers and roof are made of protection sandwich boards comprising of inside and outside tempered steel boards loaded up with polyurethane froth. The tidy up rooms come total with lighting, entryways, an air filtration unit, cooling, and an air exhaust framework. The air-filtration units keep up pressure in the walled in area to forestall outside air from entering (Mans, 2003). Containers Aquafina utilizes bottles that are created by Amcor PET Packaging-North America. Amcor utilizes PET to make plastic compartments for Pepsi items. Amcors site expresses that this plastic material is fabricated from different side-effects of the oil and gas businesses, particularly ethylene glycol and terephthalic corrosive. PET comprises of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and can be burned without buildups for vitality recuperation. PET is the most significant of the recyclable plastics. It offers the capacity for the compartment to be lightweight, break safe, resealable and recyclable. The arrangement of a jug is blow formed which includes blowing air into a liquid plastic cylinder and afterward constraining the material to follow the state of the shape. Infusion forming is additionally included which is the way toward changing over plastic pellets by utilizing warmth and strain to infuse the liquid material into a water-cooled shape. Amcors site clarifies this innovation (http://www.amc or.com/Default.aspx?id=505). Filtration/Sanitati

Evolution versus Creationism in the American School System Essay

Development versus Creationism in the American School System â€Å"God! God! God!† My ears were ringing from my father’s most recent talk. He wasn’t exceptionally predictable with his congregation participation, so I principally found out about the methods of Christianity through his own guidance. This exercise related to our creation. He portrayed how God, after his six-day creation gorge, framed the main man, Adam, from dust, and the principal lady, Eve, from Adam’s rib. From the get-go in my life, my father’s convictions were my own. He raised me to be a decent Catholic young lady and because of an absence of any kind of option, a decent Catholic young lady I became. The thought was conceivable for me at the time. By what other means did the Earth and all that it held appear? Who shown the leaves to change shading in the fall, displaying their actual excellence as it were not long before their revolting end? How did the mountains reach so high as to penetrate the sky with their cloud-recolored tops? Who shaped my cerebrum and gave me the capacity to venture my brain into the domain of the theoretical? God appeared the evident answer, however I would at present suggest the conversation starter of â€Å"Where did God come from?† to my dad, and as I developed more established, I turned out to be progressively disappointed with his answer: â€Å"He was consistently there.† My 6th grade science class brought illumination. The instructor taught us to open our books to section seven: development. I had known about advancement previously, yet I had never truly gotten it or the danger it presented to my juvenile strict convictions. To state that the hypothesis of development without any help stopped my affection for everything heavenly would be an incredible embellishment. It just gave me a thought around which the consistent portion of my brain could wrap itself. Around there, the lessons of my dad ha... ...iple.† AIP.org. 2005. American Institute of Physics. 4 Dec. 2005. http://www.aip. organization/history/heisenberg/p08.htm. Charlesworth, Brian, and Charlesworth, Deborah. Advancement: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. â€Å"Kansas Schoolboard Redefines Science.† CNN: Student News. 8 Nov. 2005. Link News System. 16 Nov. 2005. http://www.cnn.com/2005/EDUCATION/11/08/advancement. debate.ap/index.htmal. Peacocke, Arthur R. â€Å"Welcoming the â€Å"Disguised Friend†: A Positive Theological Examination of Biological Evolution.† An Evolving Dialog: Theological and Scientific Points of view on Evolution. Ed. Mill operator, James B. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2001. 371â€398. Stanford, Craig; Allen, John S., and Antâ ¢n, Susan C. Organic Anthropology: The Natural History of Humankind. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2005.

Anesthesiology Essays - Anesthesia, , Term Papers

Anesthesiology CRNA 2 CRNA. History and Definition of Nursings First Clinical Specialty Ether. Who might have imagined that a little carbon based natural compound, for example, ether would bring forth another field of clinical specializations, changing the historical backdrop of medication for ever. Ether was found in 1275 by a Spanish scientific expert named Raymundus Lullius,(Evans,1995,p 1). It was his disclosure that permitted William E. Clark to utilize ether as a sedative without precedent for 1842. He directed the ether on a dental patient for Elijah Pope as he played out a dental extraction on Miss Hobbie,(Evans,1995.p 1). This was the initial phase in the production of the field of sedation. This new innovation was immediately put to use to soothe torment in every aspect of medication, and its utilization was found in emergency clinic working rooms, dental specialists' workplaces and combat zones. This new practice in medication was fundamentally taken on by the doctors of that time. This new strategy added to a specialists routine of working on patients, this end up being to burdening on the specialist just as their patients. The additional weight of directing the sedatives alongside doing the activity and revival of the patient securely was a lot for the specialists. This reality was demonstrated by the expansion in death paces of patients put under by specialists who directed their own sedative. The expanding death rates constrained the clinical proffesion to requested an adjustment in how sedation was given. It was believed that the individual overseeing the sedative ought to do that and just that during an activity. This would let loose the doctors with the goal that they could focus on the current activity. The rest of the inquiry was, who do we get the opportunity to regulate the sedation? This individual would have as of now be prepared in some part of the clinical fie ld and show great basic idea and great intellectual thinking. The specialists just expected to gaze upward from the surgical table and to their associates in social insurance CRNA 3 to find their solution, it was the medical caretaker. From that second on the main specialization in clinical nursing was conceived and those in that claim to fame were named nurture anesthetists,(Thatcher,1952,p11). The most punctual documentation of sedative consideration given to a patient by a medical caretaker was the work done by Sister Mary Bernard in 1887. She was a catholic religious recluse who worked at the St. Vincent medical clinic in Erie Pennsylvania,(Thatcher,1952,p 12). The attendant anesthetists of that time were prepared by doctors from the outset, yet as time went on the medical attendants played an increasingly dynamic job in the investigation and research of sedatives and inevitably outperformed their educators in the field of anesthesiology. This development prompted job inversion, where the educator turned into the understudy and the understudy turned into the instructor. By 1909 the primary formal instructive program intended for nurture anesthetists was begun at St. Vincents Hospital in Portland Oregon,(Evans,1995,p 3). Upon graduation from the school, the attendant anesthetists were set in a wide range of settings. Most noteworthy were the encouraging positions held by attendants in the clinical schools of that time. They turned into the essential educators of sedative to clinical understudies. The medical attendant anesthetist likewise held situations in the front lines. During World War One, the American medical caretaker anesthetist was the essential wellbeing supplier to troops in the European performance centers of battle. While at war the American medical attendants affected other outside attendants and that prompted the spread of medical caretaker anesthetists all through the world. With the wars came a sharp increment in the interest of anesthetists, and this thus expanded the quantity of establishments required for preparing and widened the rules for instructing the medical caretakers. Before the finish of war it was apparent that the attendant anesthetist was a priceless calling that had set up itself as one of the most significant of all in medication. With the entirety of this development and advancement it became essential that the ca lling of attendant anesthetists expected to have some structure and administration. On June 17, 1931 the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists CRNA 4 (AANA), wasformed and held its first gathering. Starting there on the medical caretaker anesthetist had another name, they were otherwise called Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, (CRNA). Up until World War Two, sedation was thought of

Use Hoffstra University Application Essay Samples

Use Hoffstra University Application Essay SamplesAn incredible number of writing experts advise students to use the written word in order to get through the university application process, and this may be entirely true, however many people are not completely confident with the idea of having to write a composition test. Indeed there is no disputing that students at some level have to understand why they are applying to university in the first place, but it can be a daunting task to write the ideal university application essay. In fact students should try to write their own essay rather than copy one from a template.In all truth, essays are not about finding your thesis statement, nor are they about proving to your interviewer that you are a good student. It is about making a strong case for yourself as a candidate, and the way you present that case is entirely up to you. You should not be afraid to consider your personal life and career goals as part of the essay, or if you have alre ady written them into the essay. Of course you must still show that you have already made an excellent study and demonstrated your ability to succeed as a student, and there will be many occasions where you will have to take on more of the job.Writing essays is a craft, and writing your own essay is one of the most important aspects of achieving success. There are many quality writing services available which offers excellent college essay samples, so that you will know how to write it the right way. A well-written college essay is worth quite a bit, and you will want to make sure that your application essay samples show you how to do it.Keep in mind that when you are looking for essay samples, you need to use one which has been written by a professional. This will ensure that the essay is well-written and will give you a clear understanding of what a good college essay should be. There are some individuals who will suggest that you look at colleges' essay samples, but remember that you have to make sure that you use a sample that has been written by someone who knows what they are doing.When you visit various great universities, you will notice that each campus has a few different essay samples, and it will be possible to find a lot of these on line. Use these to get you thinking about writing your own essay and how to put your personal life and career goals together. Consider the fact that you need to ask yourself a few different questions regarding your personal life and career goals, and this can help you come up with an excellent essay.Writing your essay by hand may also mean that you can be more organized, which could be helpful in the long run. Even though this is easier to do when writing a full-length essay, it does make a difference when writing a smaller essay as it is easier to scan through the text and plan out the entire essay. You may find that you need to use this approach with the university application essay samples. Just remember that it wil l pay off greatly when you are writing an essay that shows you care and try to incorporate your personal life and career goals into the essay as well.Don't worry too much about using the same essay samples over again, or you may find that you end up with many bad essays. There are many people who utilize the same writing services for many years, and while they may come up with some amazing work, other students will struggle with some of the assignments. What is important is that you put a little time into your own essay and be sure that you can do the writing on your own.

The Francophone Literary Movement (La Négritude)

La Nà ©gritude was a literary and ideological movement led by francophone black intellectuals, writers, and politicians. The founders of la Nà ©gritude, known as  les trois pà ¨res  (the three fathers), were originally from three different French colonies in Africa and the Caribbean but met while living in Paris in the early 1930s. Although each of the  pà ¨res  had different ideas about the purpose and styles of la Nà ©gritude, the movement is generally characterized by: Reaction to colonization: Denunciation of Europes lack of humanity, rejection of Western domination and ideasIdentity crisis: Acceptance of and pride in being black; valorization of African history, traditions, and beliefsVery realistic literary styleMarxist ideas Aimà © Cà ©saire A poet, playwright, and politician from Martinique, Aimà © Cà ©saire studied in Paris, where he discovered the black community and rediscovered Africa. He saw la Nà ©gritude as the fact of being black, acceptance of this fact, and appreciation of the history, culture, and destiny of black people. He sought to recognize the collective colonial experience of Blacks—the slave trade and plantation system—and attempted to redefine it. Cà ©saires ideology defined the early years of la Nà ©gritude. Là ©opold Sà ©dar Senghor Poet and first president of Sà ©nà ©gal, Là ©opold Sà ©dar Senghor used la Nà ©gritude to work toward a universal valuation of African people and their biological contributions. While advocating the expression and celebration of traditional African customs in spirit, he rejected a return to the old ways of doing things. This interpretation of la Nà ©gritude tended to be the most common, particularly in later years. Là ©on-Gontran Damas A French Guyanese poet and National Assembly member, Là ©on-Gontran Damas was the  enfant terrible  of la Nà ©gritude. His militant style of defending black qualities made it clear that he was not working toward any kind of reconciliation with the West. Participants, Sympathizers, Critics Frantz Fanon: Student of Cà ©saire, psychiatrist, and revolutionary theoretician, Frantz Fanon dismissed the Nà ©gritude movement as too simplistic.Jacques Roumain: Haitian writer and politician, founder of the Haitian Communist Party, published  La Revue indigà ¨ne  in an attempt to rediscover African authenticity in the Antilles.Jean-Paul Sartre: French philosoper and writer, Sartre assisted in the publication of the journal  Prà ©sence africaine  and wrote  Orphà ©e noire, which helped to introduce Nà ©gritude issues to French intellectuals.Wole Soyinka: Nigerian dramatist, poet, and novelist opposed to la Nà ©gritude, believing that by deliberately and outspokenly taking pride in their color, black people were automatically on the defensive:  « Un tigre ne proclà ¢me pas sa tigritude, il saute sur sa proie  » (A tiger doesnt proclaim its tigerness; it jumps on its prey).Mongo Bà ©tiAlioune DiopCheikh Hamadou Kane  Paul NigerOusmane Sembà ¨neGuy Tirollien

The Controversial Ending of King Lear by William...

The Controversial Ending of King Lear by William Shakespeare Few Shakespearean plays have caused the controversy that is found with King Lear’s ending scenes. Othello kills himself, Macbeth is executed, and of course in hamlet, everyone dies. Lear, however, is different from other Shakespearean classics. Is Lear mad or lucid? Is Cordelia really dead? Is Edmund’s delay explainable? What is the nature of the Lear world that occasioned all of this? How does Knight’s thesis relate to the ending? Critical commentary varies and appears exhaustive. Bradley speaks of evil, but thinks Lear dies in a moment of supreme joy; Knight argues that however vicious and cruel the Lear world is, the death of Cordelia represents the future†¦show more content†¦Foakes thinks that Hamlet now is less suited for the twentieth century than Lear, insofar as Lear’s existential content is what matters, so now the question becomes why would Cordelia want to live in Lear’s world? The play is about protesting a world gone mad. The situation is further intensified by the Tate emendation that playgoers witnessed for over a century. Arguing from the perspective of post-restoration and neo-classical taste that literature must teach virtue, Tate dropped the Fool, gave Cordelia and Edgar a love interest, thus sparing her life along with her father: Edgar: My dear Cordelia! Lucky was the Minute Of our approach, the Gods have weighed our Sufferings, W’are past the Fire, and now must shine to Ages Albany notes, Take off their chains thou Injur’d Majesty, The Wheel of Fortune now has made a circle†¦ What comfort may be brought to cheer your age? And heal your savage Wrongs, shall be apply’d For to your Majesty we do resign Your kingdom†¦ Lear’s last words according to Tate are: Though, thou hast some business yet for life; Thou, Kent, and I, retir’d to some cool cell Will gently pass our short Reserves of time In calm reflections on our fortunes past, Cheer’d with relation of the prosperous reign Of this celestial pair; thus our remains Shall in an even course of thoughts be past? Enjoy the present hour, not fear the last Quite a difference from Edmund’sShow MoreRelatedSuffering in King Lear2408 Words   |  10 Pageswe are provoked to think about when reading many of Shakespeare plays. However the play which comes to mind first when any reader of Shakespeare hears the word suffering is surely King Lear, which arguably contains the most amount of pain and personal torment of all of Shakespeares work. Although appearing in the Quarto edition as The History of King Lear, the indescribably tragic plot led the Folio edition to be named The Tragedy of King Lear. Many adaptations and rewrites chose to drastically

Adoption Essay Example For Students

Adoption Essay AdoptionWhen a person decides to adopt, he takes the responsibility of raising a child who is not biologically his own. There are various reasons why people decide to adopt. Some say adoption is the best thing for certain children and many successful stories prove it to be true. However, there are also numerous tragic reports of adopted children being abused. Basically, what adoption meant, and still means, is that someone (the adoptive couple) is promising to assume all responsibilities for taking care of someone else (Powledge 4). How the adoptive parents go about raising the child is completely up to them. Although there are many different types of families in todays society, one special kind of family that has become more and more common are the families created through adoption. There are various and somewhat difficult processes and laws concerning adoption. New laws are being created year after year to make this process easier and the outcome positive. Adoption is not exactly new; the idea of adopting has been around for a long time. The oldest written set of laws is the Babylonian Code of Hammarabi, which contains a long, sophisticated section on adoption (Benet 23). It is hard to pin point when and how adoption first originated but Governor Sir William Philips of Massachusetts was considered the first adoptive father in the original thirteen colonies, he adopted in 1693 (Academic XXI). Americans adopt more than 100,000 kids a year (Harnack 13). This may seem like a large number of adoptive families but there are still over 400,000 kids left in foster care or in shelters. With this in mind it seems like Americans should be desperate to place the homeless kids in a family. But through trial and error it has become known that only certain families should be allowed to adopt and in some cases kids are better off left in foster care. In 1917 Minnesota was the first state to require an agency or state welfare department to make written recommendations to court after investigation (Harnack 12). This will ensure families giving their child up for adoption that they arent giving their kid to just anyone willing to adopt. People who seem to be fit to adopt also have to be able to afford adoption. The average cost to adopt through an agency is between $5,000 to $6,000 (Baldwin 23). Many parents take risks and allow their kids to be open for adoption to anyone the laws deem appropriate. But approximately 75% of adoptions were the kind where parents give guardianship to another family member (Powledge 23). Although the costs do seem outrageous, the reasons behind a parents decision to give kids up for adoption are pretty simple. Some pressures to give a baby up for adoption include: unmarried, the need to finish school, financial problems, or the feeling of not being able to be a proper parent (Powledge 44). It would be hard to tell whether one made the right decision by choosing to give her kid up for adoption until years after the process took place. And even then one couldnt truly compare both families, adoptive vs. biological. Although many parents realize giving their kid up for adoption is the best decision, some young girls have been persuaded to keep their baby by a social worker instead of giving it up (Benet 179). And in some cases a girl not able to care for her baby keeps him anyway, causing more problems in the long run (Benet 177). All a kid needs is to have a place to call home and people they can get attached to. From the beginning of the recorded history of adoption, t he idea behind the practice was to protect children who, for one reason or another were without protection (Powledge 6). When someone does adopt a child they make a commitment. When a couple decides to adopt they assume all responsibilities for taking care of someone else (Powledge 4). .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .postImageUrl , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:hover , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:visited , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:active { border:0!important; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:active , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Suspicions EssaySome say the decision to adopt is a good one, but there are many success stories as well as horror stories related to adoption. There is a broad range of feelings and attitudes among adoptees, depending on the temperament and personal situation of each child and family (Krementz IX). There have been many various surveys taken concerning adoptees. Times reported various horror stories concerning adoption. Some stories include children being poisoned, a child being shaken to death, and children being sexually abused (Gay 89). Unfortunately these are just a few examples of many. Adoptees often suffer from attachment disorders, which are more common in older children. These disorders caused by adoption are extremely noticeable and should be taken seriously. These unattached kids often experience unresponsiveness to affection, serious problems with hoarding or stealing food, abnormal eye contact problems, often thinking about blood or fire, and are often overfriendly to strangers (Adamec 73). Also identity and self-image problems are a major cause of distress to adopted children (Harnack 21). Counseling and therapy are highly recommended to help kids deal with these disorders. Even though there are numerous negative stories about adopted kids, there are also lots of success stories. Either way the adoptive parents are totally responsible for the outcome of all situations concerning the child they decide to adopt. Families may have different structures but they are all responsible for providing basic needs (Foster 99). Adoptive parents and biological parents are both fully capable of providing all the basic needs. Some people see adoption as a cruel decision an irresponsible parent makes. Others realize the majority of adopted kids are better off not having their biological parents as their guardian. It is slowly being recognized that the theory of fostering goes against reality of living with young children (Benet 190). With this fact in mind, it is obvious that the adoption rate will continue to increase. Although there are many cases showing a negative outcome to adoption, they seem to always have a higher rate of positive outcomes. The American Academy of Adoption Attorneys, formed in 1990, has a goal to improve adoption laws and agencies (Academic 45). With organizations like this being involved, Americans will have the reassurance that the increase in the number of adoptions will also mean an increase in children being placed in better families.

Is Wikipedia a Reliable Source free essay sample

Is Wikipedia A Reliable Source In this paper I will be discussing the debate between pro Wikipedia’s Dwight Reed, and Rachel R. Wright, and con Wikipedia’s Nicole Irwin, Michelle Douglas, and Ivy Leigh. During the debate between Learning Team B members we debated over different points of views regarding Wikipedia as a reliable source. Debating Wikipedia Almost everyone knows about Wikipedia. Heck, every time you use a search engine like Google, Wikipedia shows up as a source for information.Nicole Irving on the con side of the debate started out by saying â€Å"Wikipedia can be edited by anyone, so what makes the information shared by anyone true? If anyone can edit it then people can also edit it to be wrong. Dwight Reed who debated on the pro side of Wikipedia shot back with â€Å"Do you consider Google to be a credible search engine? I contend that if you believe Google to be a credible search engine you have to also conclude Wikipedia is a credible source of information. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Wikipedia a Reliable Source or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Google goes to great length to make your search relevant. They rank your results based upon the number of links to a particular source (Garfinkel, 2008, p. 4). In the Google search box if you type any noun (person, place, or thing) a Wikipedia article is the first or second result you get. What this means is that these Wikipedia articles have the most links to them than anything else on the internet. A lot of people must feel Wikipedia is credible enough to link to its pages. So while the academic and my fellow team mates on the con side of the table may say Wikipedia is not credible there seems to be enough people that believe it to be credible to make the best search engine on the planet always return a Wikipedia entry if a noun is searched.The question I pose again â€Å"Is Google a valid and credible search engine? † Do millions of people that link to Wikipedia that cause it to be the #1 or #2 result for most searches believe the data to be INVALID? I contend that some of the reasons so many believe Wikipedia information to be credible and valid is because it is credible and valid. The medium of the internet allows Wikipedi a to be a valid source. Thousands/millions of editors (reviewers) make sure it stays valid and credible. If the date was not â€Å"legally sound† why link to it?This is the same process peer reviewed sources use. They review the material for its validity. You may say, â€Å"Well, anyone can edit an article and put invalid information. † The other side of that is anyone and everyone can CORRECT an article, also, I work with a lot of small businesses and I have shared with them that a â€Å"thief is going to steal. † You all understand this phrase, if your intentions are too bad you are going to do bad things, if an editor/reviewer is â€Å"pro-life† but he has a review a â€Å"pro-abortion† article there could be some theft (bias) in the review.The police of potential reviewers/editors of Wikipedia articles will see this theft and in fuse justice (correct the article). Could a poorly edited article go unnoticed? Of course, have peered reviewed articles been deemed â€Å"bad†, of course. Ivy Leigh responded to Dwight Reed by saying â€Å"it does not matter whether Google is a valid and credible search engine because it is just that a search engine. It only gives us a way to access the information we are looking for. You stated, â€Å"If an editor/review is â€Å"pro-life† but he has a review a â€Å"pro-abortion† article there could be some theft (bias) in the review.The police of potential reviewers/editors of Wikipedia articles will see this theft and infuse justice â€Å"correct the article). Well, how many people have read and used that theft already in papers or articles before they could infuse justice, and what makes the police of potential reviewers/editors of Wikipedia creditable, they may have there own agenda. Michelle Douglas also responded to Dwight Reed with Google might be a valid search engine, but what about the instances where you Google the fact that a popular star has just died and the person is alive and well. You can’t believe everything just based on the company supplying the information. Why does the medium of the internet make it a valid source Rachel R. Wright pro Wikipedia can back with Wikipedia is definitely not an information source that anyone should â€Å"bet the farm on† to be 100% valid but isn’t that or couldn’t that be the case with nay source? For the most part, the general information that you research on Wikipedia, when compared to other more reliable sources, is usually accurate. That being said, there is reason to believe that there is room for being considered credible.Completely valid is another thing, but again, that could be the case with any source as there is always room for error. Dwight Reeds last stitch effort to bring is point home. What make Wikipedia a valid source is the thousands of internet websites that link to the data in Wikipedia causing articles from Google and other search engines to consistently rank Wikipedia articles a t the top of result list. Now, it is generally agreed that Wikipedia articles are reliable and useful information (Chesney, 2006). This is from research done of the quality of data on Wikipedia.I add my basic logic to it that millions of people consume the product of Wikipedia (information). If the product was consistently terrible, we Americans are quick to stop using that product. That is not the case with Wikipedia. The issue of free editing of articles is an issue but even in that â€Å"The error rate is not considerably higher than in comparable reference works† (Lewandoski Spree, 2001). Wikipedia realizes that the policy of free editing could be a big issue so they have a self monitoring process that is regarded as working well. It is easy to point out the prominent examples where articles were changed because of bias.The same could be pointed out abut other medium of information delivery also. Again, Wikipedia is reliable, credible, and valid source of research not because I say so but because the data has been studied determining the articles to be as reliable as other sources AND the millions consumers of the date â€Å"can’t be totally wrong. † All in all it was a good debate, it was fun, and everyone brought up some valid points on the props and cons on whether Wikipedia is a reliable source, but the burning question is still â€Å"to Wikipedia or not to Wikipedia, which is the question you will have to figure out for yourself.

Learning Styles Personality Types Towards Developing Effective Communication Collaboration Strategies

Learning Styles Personality Types Towards Developing Effective Communication Collaboration Strategies Various seminal studies in the field of educational psychology have illuminated fundamental components on the learning process that could be used for effective communication and collaboration either at the classroom level or in the social context. These studies have demonstrated that students are not only inclined to learn in divergent ways, but they also favor different instruction methodologies and materials for teaching (Franzoni Assar, 2009). It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate some of the existing learning and personality styles with the purpose of developing strategies for effective communication and collaboration amongst the evaluated learning styles and personality types. A learning style, according to Franzoni Assar (2009), can be described as the attributes, strengths, and inclinations in the way individuals obtain and process stimuli or information. Consecutive studies reveal that every individual is endowed with an intricate set of tactics which he or she uses i n the learning process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Styles Personality Types: Towards Developing Effective Communication Collaboration Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will evaluate the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and reading and writing learning styles. In intrapersonal learning style, the individual is solitary-oriented, and always prefer to conduct his or her studies in private using considerable amount of independence (Franzoni Assar, 2009). The learning style, though introspective in orientation, enable the individual to concentrate in the learning process in addition to developing his or her own independent thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and attitudes. The students utilizing this particular style always take time to reflect on their educational achievements and failures without necessarily being pushed to do so. In interpersonal learning, the student is highly sociable and is able to communicate effectively with other people, including the instructors. The individual also exhibits highly developed verbal and non-verbal communication channels, and is always sensitive to attitudes, feelings, and worldviews of others (Long Coldren, 2006). The individual is highly admirable and always prefer to learn in groups, not mentioning the fact that he or she always prefer to spend time with the instructors discussing topics that have not being well understood. According to Hlawaty (2009), individuals using this learning style develop their cognitive capacities by projecting their thoughts across to friends to grasp their responses. Lastly, reading and writing style, also known as the verbal style, involves a learning scenario where the individual finds it easier to express his or her ideas, perceptions, or challenges through writing or verbal communication (Hlawaty, 2009).The individual using this style demonstrate well developed faculties on the meanings of the words used, and always love to play with words. According to Rogers (2009), â€Å"effective communication and collaboration will differ among individuals with different types† of learning styles (para. 1). To develop an all-inclusive communication and collaboration strategy, the instructor should utilize an arrangement which brings out the best strengths in each of the three different learning styles to make up for each other’s weaknesses.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, he can arrange the group in such a way that individuals are given a role in areas where they exhibit considerable strengths. Students using verbal learning style are also good in persuasion, and therefore, they should be given the role of persuading others to perform in the group. Those exhibiting interpersonal strengths should be charged with the responsibility of keeping the assemblage running smoothly as they are easily admired. The instructor should use students utilizing the intrapersonal learning styles as the main researchers for the group’s projects since they are good at studying independently. This way, each member of the group will benefit from the other’s strong areas, and hence effective communication and collaboration will be achieved (Rogers, 2009). There exist a wide allay of personality types. For purposes of this paper, the extroverted feeling, introverted sensing, and introverted thinking personality types will be evaluated. An individual with extroverted feeling personality type is warm-hearted, thorough, and popular. In addition to having a strong sense of responsibility, the individual always puts the needs and problems of others before own needs. An individual with an introverted sensing personality style is exceedingly serious and quiet, not mentioning the fact that he is overly interested in peaceful living. The ind ividual has well-developed capacities of concentration, is extremely meticulous, responsible, accountable, and dependable. In addition, such an individual is well-organized and work very hard towards the realization of set objectives. Finally, an individual with introverted thinking personality type is quiet, restrained, and is always interested in understanding how and why items work the way they do. Such an individual may exhibit risk-taking behaviors in finding elucidations to practical challenges, and are very loyal to their peers. They are extremely detached and analytical (BSM Consulting, 2006). It is easy to develop an effective communication and collaboration strategy for individuals with such personality traits since they share several things in common. First, they have a deep sense of responsibility, which should be used to move the affairs of the group forward. The individuals with extroverted feeling personality type should be selected to lead the group due to their warm -hearted and popular nature. This will go a long way to compensate for the quiet and reserved nature demonstrated by the other members. Tasks requiring concentration and seriousness should be allocated to the individuals with introverted sensing personality traits, while tasks requiring a considerable degree of innovativeness and independence of thought can be successfully handled by individuals with introverted thinking personality type. Such a communication and collaboration strategy will be strengthened by the fact that all individuals exhibit efficient organization capacities (BSM Consulting, 2006; Rogers, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Styles Personality Types: Towards Developing Effective Communication Collaboration Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List BSM Consulting. (2006). High-level description of the sixteen personality types. Retrieved from personalitypage.com/hig h-level.html Franzoni, A.L., Assar, S. (2009). Student learning styles: Adaptation method based on teaching strategies and electronic media. Journal of Educational Technology Society, Vol. 12, Issue 4, p. 15-29. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database Hlawaty, H. (2009). Learning and learning styles. European Education, Vol. 40, Issue 4, p. 23-45. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database Long, H.E., Coldren, T. (2006). Interpersonal influences in large lecture-based classes. College Teaching, Vol. 54, Issue 2, P. 237-243. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database Rogers, S. (2009). Communication and Collaboration Styles. Web.

Business Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Business Data Analysis - Essay Example The purpose of this report is to conduct the data analysis for the company’s business data analyst. In order to conduct this data analysis techniques such as sampling of data, finding out of the mean, mode, median , construction of histograms and other graphs, resolution of standard deviation and cumulative frequency upon samples of data would be implemented. The application of analysis techniques upon samples of data would enable the analyst to assess whether the company was prospering or not. The resultant of the analysis would also be an account of the future standings of the company if the present management strategies are maintained. The results of the data analysis would enable the analyst to suggest to the company’s ownership what course should their management strategies take in order to achieve maximum profits in the future. INTRODUCTION Laurel McRae, an experienced data analyst and strategic planner was assigned to conduct a comprehensive quantitative analysis based on statistical measures for Handy Hydraulics. Working for more than 20 years HH Industries has a long history of distribution. It started its operations as a family-owned business of the Douglas family, tracked down part sources, resold directly under the manufacturer’s name, or resold packaged individual parts into repair kits in its own name. During its initial five years business of the industry grew steadily; emphasis given on word of mouth and market niche. However, little marketing provided healthy startup for the organization. Its sales were limited within its headquarters Florida expanded to Alabama and Georgia by 1974 after it produced its first catalogue. Later in late 1970s and early 1980s the prospective customers spread grew up with the outreach of over 25,000 people by use of â€Å"Brute-force† marketing by the company. But this expansion couldn’t be controlled by the typical family-owned company, and Handy Hydraulics had to be sold to BMP e nterprises (the present parent company). Mr. Douglas remained its president on a contract of 3-years. Emphasis been paid on investing in opening warehouses in Arizona and Ohio in 1985 and 1986 respectively, but neglected the importance of increased competition, management strategies and new technologies, etc. Consequently business couldn’t gain from divestiture. Over the next three years significant changes were brought in when Hal Rogers took office of Handy Hydraulics in 1988 after the retirement of Mr. Douglas. Hal Rogers paid attention on sales, extensively high payrolls and operating expenses by closing the unfruitful walk-in parts counter, and installing toll-free customer order numbers and updating the company’s catalogue into a â€Å"throwaway† version with more concise representation of company’s products and finally changing the name to HH industries. It was essential that the effects of the steps by the new president be taken into account so th at analysis could be made about those decisions. In order to analyze clearly what effects would the changes produce on the industry’s current processes it was required that the data analyst should be able to produce analytical reports. These analytical reports would be made using all the raw data available with the company. Presentation of these reports to the higher management would enable them to decide future strategies. This is possible because the analytical report

COMPETITION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

COMPETITION - Assignment Example This will help comprehend the accurate outcome of the competition in the framework and growth of varied plant communities. The article entails testing a hypothesis that the competitive effect of multi-species mixtures on a specific objective plant can be illustrated as a plain additive function of the effects of specific species. The graph presents results of a controlled field competition among 4 common species of dry acidic grasslands (Hieracium pilosella, Jasione montana, Corynephorus canescens and Festuca ovina) with an aim of investigating the outcomes of equally, specific and multi-species neighborhoods on the target species H. pilosella. The competition in this graph is measured by the target plant biomass pointing at a competitive level of neighbor species with F. ovinaas being the leading competitor trailed by C. canescens and H. pilosella. In addition, J. Montana has a reduced impact on the target. Ultimately, the study of the competitive effect presents no sign of competitive increase or decrease with a growing number of neighboring

The massacre in Nanking Essay Example for Free

The massacre in Nanking Essay The massacre in Nanking which is popularized by Chang as the Rape of Nanking is indeed on of the darkest period of Asian history. Although it is described for its cruel and terrible scenes, history has almost forgotten these painful and darkest hours of Nanking people. Thanks to Iris Chang, her book became a living testimony of that tragedy that will always remind us that a lot of lives were wasted and a lot of people were intensely tortured in the hands of Japanese army. This book will serve as a reminder for Japanese people of the cruel nature of their ancestors. In the introduction of the book, Chang described the number of deaths in a mean that anyone can imagine in their vivid imagination. According to her, if the dead were to link hands, they will stretch from Nanking to Hangchow which is too far to imagine. It means that those cadavers can form a line of 200 miles. Other than that, their blood will weigh 200 ton and their bodies could fill twenty-five hundreds of railroad cars. If they will be piled up, their bodies could reach a height of seventy-four storey building. Indeed that is a huge number of innocent people. More than their death, the real tragedy for the Nanking people is their cruel way of execution which is merely inhuman and even animals are not worthy to experience those tortures. Thus, reading the book can give the reader so much agony and sympathy for the victims. The scenes are so painful to imagine that you will feel so much resentment to the Japanese. As a journalist by profession, Chang used her journalistic skill of documenting events. Her descriptions of those horrible scenes were enough to make the book a best seller and highly acclaimed by scholars. Most part of her book is narration of Japanese cruel activities as well as some historical backgrounds of Japan. Her book was based on the diaries of John Rabe and Minnie Vautrin whom played important roles in the Nanking Safety Zone. From its name, this are had protected a lot of Nanking civilians from the cruel hands of Japanese Army. John Rabe was able to shelter some 200,000 Nanking civilians from slaughter. Minnie Vautrin was an American missionary who saved a lot of school girls from the Japanese Army in Ginling Girls College. Both of them shared the horrible life in Nanjing during its Japanese occupation. They were able to witness and even take some photographs of those kinds of brutalities. Most of Chinese brutal activities are difficult to imagine such as forcing the fathers to rape their daughters as well as the sons to their mothers. Japanese soldiers are also fond of kidnapping women for them to become their sex slaves or comfort women. They were tied in a chair for almost forever just waiting for the next Japanese soldier to use their body. Another rape victim was found with a golf stick rammed into her. (Chang, 94) Other than that, there were also a rampant mass execution where killing the most number of people in a shortest time became a contest for them. As a form of execution, Nanking civilians were beheaded, buried alive, some were also buried up to their waist and the other of their body was fed to German Shepherds. They also use the civilians as human target for their bayonet practices. Other than, they also give severe punishment for no reason such as forcing the students to hold heavy objects, sit on their heels, stand barefoot in the snow, and run in the playground until they collapse. Overall, 340,000 Chinese died and around 20,000 to 80,000 Chinese men and women were physically and sexually abused. All these started when the Japanese Army swept into Nanking in 1937. Although their cruel activities lasted for only six weeks, still the terror it brought to its people is a lifetime of trauma. Originally, the main goal of the offenders is to haunt those Chinese armies who are disguising as civilians. As a result of that operation against those Chinese soldiers, a lot of innocent civilians were executed. Good thing about the book is that, it did not focus solely on the senseless cruelty of the Japanese army but also she mentioned some parts of Japanese history especially those who are prior to the 1937 incidence. She mentioned about Mathew Perry and his mission to the land of the rising sun. She also tried to explain why the Japanese was able to do those inhuman punishments to the people of Nanking. Indeed, it has something to do with their history, culture and religious background. Chang explain that their cruelty towards other people is caused by their belief that the Emperor is the only descendant of their sun goddess Amaterasu. Because they are non Christians in nature, they disregard the Christian idea of brotherhood and loving other people. They also think that they are superior as Western people and have the right of access to the natural wealth of Asian countries. Other than that, their participation in the Second World War gave them an ample pride. During that time, being able to participate in a world war together with powerful nations such as United States and Germany is an indication that Japan is the most powerful country in Asia. Meanwhile, as I read the book, the resentment of the author towards the perpetuator of the time are becoming more intense. More than being Chinese by blood, Chang’s grandparents were able to witness that horrible event in Chinese history. No words can explain her bitterness and resentment in her renowned research that it caused her to lose her sanity. If the author herself was not able to stand the horror of the Nanking massacre who was not able to witness the event, how much more the terror that it brought to the survivors of that tragedy including Chang’s grandparents. I admit that reading the book gave me a vivid image of what really happened during World War II. The book is a reflection of the everyday reality that was experienced by peoples especially those countries that were conquered by the Japanese Army. More than understanding Chinese history, the book presented more of Japanese history and culture especially the cruelty of its army. Therefore the book doesn’t help me understand Chinese history. The book is just a mere description of the atrocities of World War II focusing more on Japanese history. Instead of helping me understand Chinese history, it does explain why until this very moment, there is so much resentment among Chinese people towards Japan. Other than the intense of inhuman acts towards the Nanking victim, there is no initiative from the Japanese government to give a public apology. Worst than that, the Japanese don’t admit the crime and don’t even remember the incident. The younger generation in Japan doesn’t know about their cruelty because it was not taught in their history class. Even the Chinese forget about this horrible part of their history aside from the Nanking survivors and their descendants. Therefore, this book is really a breakthrough just remind both the Chinese and Japanese people of that forgotten holocaust. And for me, not only the oppressor and the oppressed parties should remember this horrific period in their history. All countries should be aware of the terror brought by world wars and the cruelty towards other race is widely condemned. It can happen not only in Nanking but in other parts of the world. It is a worldwide problem which is known as genocide. A lot of people may suffer from cruel death because of political reasons and the sad thing about that is most of them are innocent. Chang’s documentary of that horrific incident serves as an eye opener for every people with regards to their nationality that war is evil and it can only ruin the lives of innocent people. Although her work is highly acclaimed by scholars most especially its amazed readers, still Chang received a lot of criticism especially when it comes to the technical aspect of the book. Some people in the academe have seen many historical inaccuracies as well as grammatical errors. Grammatical errors can be forgiven for it can be the fault of the copywriter. Technical errors are really inevitable and as a matter of fact, a journalist like Chang also commits that kind of mistake. But there are no excuses for committing historical errors. We cannot blame Iris Chang because she is not a historian by profession. But as a researcher, she should be responsible when it comes to the accuracy of her data. Indeed, her historical inaccuracies are so serious because most of them are some basic information of Japanese history. Here are some of the examples: By the late 15th and early 16th centuries Japan was ruled by the Tokugawa family, who sealed off the island nation from foreign influence (Chang, 21). The reign of Tokugawa family started in 1603 therefore the Tokugawa era in Japan started in early 17th century. Chang also wrote, In July 1853, he (Matthew Perry) sent two ships belching black smoke into Tokyo Bay giving the people of Japan their first glimpse of metal-clad, steam-powered ships. Surrounding himself with some sixty to seventy aggressive-looking men armed with swords and pistols, Perry strode through the capital of the Shogun and demanded meetings with the highest-ranking officials in Japan (Chang, 21). The truth is, Perry was not able to go to that place which is believed to be Edo or Tokyo during this day. Other than that, she also explained in her book, In an era later known as the Meiji Restoration, Japan resounded with nationalistic slogans, such as Revere the Emperor! Expel the barbarians! and Rich country, strong army (Chang, 23)! Actually there is no Japanese Era such as Meiji period. This Meiji restoration that she is talking about happened from 1868 to 1912 and it is more of a social revolution than a period like Tokugawa. And lastly, Chang wrote that the United Nations created a committee for war investigation in March 1944(Chang, 169). It is impossible to happen because the United Nation was not yet chartered in 1944. How this book can become a historical reference it its content is inaccurate? For me, Chang was not objective in writing this book. It is obvious that Chang was driven by her resentment to the Japanese government and the desire to uplift her Chinese roots. And because her grandparents are involved with that traumatic period in Nanking, her book serves as an advocacy campaign for her grandparents to get the justice that they deserve. While reading the book, anyone can notice that Chang is trying her best to give a negative image of Japanese culture especially their army. We can say that she met her objectives and her way of documenting the story is enough to ruin the image of the Japanese. Her description of those cruel acts will make the readers forget the technical errors of the books as well as its historical inaccuracies. Anyone who will read the book will feel so much sympathy for the victims and really seek justice for them. That is really her objective as a author but alas, she shared the same fate with her grandparents. Although her book became a major success and the tragedy of Nanking is now known worldwide, Chang died miserably and lose her hope that someday the perpetuators will pay for their acts. Although it is inevitable for her to show her biases, it would be better if she had presented the other side of the story. It is unfair for the Japanese their side was never heard and they were never consulted by the author. If only she also take the side of the perpetuators, her book will sound more objective and even the Japanese can accept her book and learn from it. The reason why until today, is not admitting that crime is because their sides were not heard in the book. There are also historical errors regarding Japanese history that is why it is easy for the Japanese to ignore the book. The criticisms about the book especially its technical errors are another factor for the Japanese to ignore the book and pretend that there is no such thing as Nanking massacre in the history. If only Chang was more careful and objective, her book will achieve more than recognition and market success. She and her fellow Chinese community in Nanking can get the justice that they are longing for. It would be better if Chang has included some stories of Japanese soldiers focusing on their feelings towards the victim. We can never say that all Japanese soldiers are cruel and maybe some of them were pressured by their officials to do those inhuman activities. Other than the sufferings of the Chinese people, it would be better if Chang was able to mention the hardships encountered by the Japanese soldiers during their stay in Nanking. This will give her book a sense of balance which is expected from her because she is a journalist. As a conclusion, we can say that the book is really a breakthrough for Asian history. The once infamous tragedy of the Nanking people became part of Asian history through the angered motivated research of the victim’s descendants. Although Iris Chang is not a historian by profession, she was able to convey her main point inspite of the rampant errors and historical criticisms of her book. Without looking at its market success, still the book is a failure because the author herself was not able to get the justice that she demands asides from the heavy accusations of her critics. But still, the book served as a reminder for every nation of the atrocities that war can produce and the fate of millions of innocent people who are involve in the war.

What Anti-Individualists Cannot Know A Priori :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

What Anti-Individualists Cannot Know A Priori ABSTRACT: The attempt to hold both anti-individualism and privileged self-knowledge may have the absurd consequence that someone could know a priori propositions that are knowable only empirically. This would be so if such an attempt entailed that one could know a priori both the contents of one’s own thoughts and the anti-individualistic entailments from those thought-contents to the world. For then one could also come to know a priori (by simple deduction) the empirical conditions entailed by one’s thoughts. But I argue that there is no construal of a priori knowledge that could be used to raise an incompatibility problem of this sort. First, I suggest that the incompatibilist a priori must be a stipulative one, since in none of the main philosophical traditions does knowledge of the contents of one’s thoughts count as a priori. Then, I show that under various possible construals of a priori, the incompatibilist argument would be invalid: either a fallacy of eq uivocation or an argument without a plausible closure principle guaranteeing transmission of epistemic status from premises to conclusion. Finally, I maintain that the only possible construal of the property of being knowable a priori that avoids invalidity is one that fails to generate the intended reductio. I Compatibilism, or the attempt to hold both Burgean anti-individualism and common intuitions about privileged self-knowledge, appears to entail that a person (say, Oscar) could come to know a priori the premises of arguments of this sort: B 1. If I am now thinking that water is wet, then water exists. 2. I am now thinking that water is wet. Therefore, 3. Water exists. Naturally, from such premises Oscar could come to know a priori that water exists (i.e., by simple deduction) — yet nobody can know that a priori! Some take this to be a reductio of compatibilism (call them "incompatibilists"). But I shall suggest how anti-individualists could retain common intuitions about self-knowledge, without fearing that their views would entail unacceptable claims about the epistemic status of empirical propositions. First I shall ask why incompatibilists hold that, given both anti-individualism and privileged self-knowledge, each premise of inferences such as (B) are knowable a priori. I shall then argue that there is no plausible construal of "a priori" that could be used to generate the alleged reductio. II First, consider (B)'s second premise: could Oscar come to know a priori the proposition that he is thinking that water is wet, according to the criteria for "a priori" knowledge in the main philosophical traditions that invoke knowledge of this sort?

The Need for Better Mental Health Care

IntroductionMany individuals who woke up this morning wished that they should have never done so at all. There are those who are about to go to bed praying that they will not have any more tomorrows to face. While some who are at work, sitting through their classes at school, or fixing their children’s lunches are wondering what have become of their lives and what more potential does the bleak future offer.In fact, there are those whose family and friends are mourning already, never quite understanding why an apparently healthy human being would end his own life. One common thread unites all these people and events: mental depression. This paper looks at the need for more mental health care services in order to better help people suffering from this condition and thus provide hope for them and for their families.Gravity of Mental IllnessFew individuals realize the gravity of a mental illness such as depression in another human’s life. For some, the state of being depres sed is a choice, and a person can easily â€Å"snap out of it† if only they would think positively and cut all the drama. Mental illnesses just like depression, is a medical condition, an actual disease of the mind that is not easily fixed with mere will power.People sick with flu or colds are not asked to cure themselves, hence, why should depressed individuals bear their sufferings alone and without any care? It is a relief, nonetheless, that depression is not anymore new. Millions of individuals have it and millions are also seeking the necessary treatment and medication to get on with their lives. However, recognizing and acknowledging the problem, as opposed to ignoring it, is the first step towards recovery.From the early philosophers, scholars and scientists’ perspectives, depression is a mystery caused by unknown powers in the universe. Based from early accounts, depressed or melancholic people demonstrate bizarre behavior, in which nobody could pinpoint the re ason behind. Symptoms range from extreme sadness and lack of zeal in life to drastic mood changes. With the gradual development of modern scientific processes and correspondence among experts, specialists were able to define depression, identified its symptoms, and tried to discover its causes and remedies.Mental Health FacilitiesTraditional psychiatric hospitals and private psychiatrists and psychologists have been unable to meet the growing need for mental health services. The trend has been to develop local mental health clinics that offer the services of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, psychiatric nurses, family therapists and others.Emergency help is rendered to persons with acute mental disorders as well as to persons with chronic emotional problems. Short-term counselling and psychotherapy are usually provided. Programs are planned to deal with problems involving school, family, marriage partners, drug and alcohol abuse, and adolescence. Night clinics and suicid e prevention centers are often established if a need exists. A person in need of immediate assistance is frequently helped by phone â€Å"hotline† services, manned by counselors and others, such as trained volunteers.Many non-traditional facilities have been established to meet the needs of local area. An example of such a facility is a psychiatric day care center which was developed in a sparsely populated rural area in Michigan. Lacking funds to support a traditional psychiatric day care center, a psychiatric nursing consultant sought lay volunteers and used facilities in a community church to set up a program.This program was designed to maintain and support persons referred by the local hospital psychiatric service and the community mental health center outpatient service. The nurse spent two hours one day a week as a group therapist. She also acted as a consultant to the volunteers. The program successfully met its objectives. It has grown from one group and one voluntee r to three groups and thirty volunteers.Person-Centered TherapyPerson-centered therapy is differentiated from other forms of therapy because of its â€Å"focus on the importance of the therapeutic relationship for effective therapy† (Josefowitz & Myran 2005). The person-centered approach was founded by acclaimed American counselor and psychotherapist, Carl Rogers (Kirschenbaum 2004). Early during his career, Rogers witnessed how stubborn a client could become and all together reject therapy even if it is for his betterment.He then saw that patients could resist â€Å"even the most skilful therapist intervention† if such intervention is against his wish or purpose. Rogers realized the loopholes in the popular practices of his times for failing to incite effective client participation. He pondered on a new approach based on his understanding that â€Å"it is the client who knows what hurts, what directions to go, what problems are crucial, what experiences have been dee ply buried.†Rogers was the first to employ the â€Å"non-directive† approach. It was a unique method where the counselor does not question, interpret, advice, suggest or offer any directive remarks on the patient, he only listens. The therapist carefully reflect the patient’s thoughts back to him, with the idea of helping him realize his issues and then decide on his own the direction of his self-actualization.It was this non-directive method that applied the initiative that persons going into psychotherapies are not helpless individuals at the mere mercy of their psychotherapists’ designs. Clients can wilfully determine how their treatment should go because they are â€Å"responsible clients† who knows what aspects of their lives and personality need to be treated. His method has such respect for its patients that it assumes the key to a person’s self-actualization lies on the person and not on external influences (therapists or counselors). One of Roger’s important ideas that still have its impact today and is crucial to the personal approach is that a â€Å"counselor’s attitude is as important as his techniques† (Kirschenbaum 2004)Depression as a Mental Health IssueDepression is one of the most prevalent mental health medical cases in the United States today with about 18 million Americans or 9.5 percent of the population affected. The problem of depression is not to be taken lightly, nor set aside as sheer caprice of a problematic person. Medical institutions including the United State’s National Institute of Mental Health declared it as a serious â€Å"real illness,† not just because of its prevalence, but also because of its effect on the lives of the afflicted individuals. Monetary expenses is a give fact when seeking treatment for depression, yet the heavier costs are those that concerns the pains of the individuals, the drudgery they have to face everyday, and the correspondin g effect of the situation to their friends and loved ones.Depression has already been observed since the ancient times, even during the prehistoric times. Real efforts to comprehend depression were only apparently undertaken during the time of the Hellenistic Greeks. Later part of history revealed that the growth of psychiatric or psychological science was hampered due to society’s closed mindedness and lack of concern for the mentally ill. Nevertheless, with the sporadic studies now and then, it was discovered that depression was once called â€Å"melancholia† and scientists made quite commendable documentation of the symptoms they observed among melancholic persons (Hollon, 2002).The causes of depression are often summarized into the three classifications of neurobiology, genetics and environment. Neurobiological factors pertain to the abnormalities in neurotransmitters and hormones that affect mood, manner of handling stress, and perspective of traumatic situations. Genetics, as the name implies, refers to the inheritance of potential depression-causing gene traits within the family.There is no solid proof of the existence of this gene so far, although there are relevant studies made to suggest that genetics may indeed play a role. Besides the number of cases of within-family depression speaks for itself. The last factor, triggers environmental depression brought about by emotionally taxing events that are not easily forgotten or set aside, so that it comes to haunt the person and affect his normal life. Depression may also be learned when the thought of powerlessness is so internalised. The person feels depressed with that thought that whatever actions will not merit any change or improvement.ConclusionHealth Plans generally fall into three categories based on how they are organized to deliver/pay for care. HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) deliver services through provider networks and may use a member’s primary care provider as a ‘gatekeeper’ to more specialized services. PPOs (Preferred Provider Organizations) generally allow access to any provider, with some cost savings to a member for using providers in the network. Indemnity plans are traditional insurance products with defined cash payments, and no network limitations.At present, prevalent types of Health Plans are HMOs and PPOs   (Health Plan). Effective policy and decision-making cannot be made in a vacuum, and is committed to providing the most comprehensive data possible. Taking that into consideration, public Health Plan performance must be well studied and its data analyzed. The HMO as well as other health care delivery systems must unite in order to address this issue since they are all important and adequate means of health care for many consumers with mental health problems.REFERENCESBeck. A. (1967). Depression. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Grnblatt, E. (2006, November 3). Depression; New depression research has b een reported   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   by scientists at Ludwig Boltzmann Institute. Genomics & Genetics Weekly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved Feb. 8, 2007   http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1151092561&Fmt=3&clientId=11123&RQT=309&VName=PQDHollon, D.S., Thase, M.E. & Markowitz, J.C. (2002, November). Treatment and Prevention of Depression. Psychological Science, 3,   39. Retrieved Feb. 8, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=233500451&sid=5&Fmt=2&cli entId=11123&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Literacy My Literacy Narrative - 1555 Words

My Literacy Narrative Literacy impacts everyone’s lives in various ways. Such as, someone and their career, the ability to read literature in general, one’s comprehension of reading and writing, or the ability to write a book. Each person takes his or her own path with literacy and consequently are formed by the sponsors of literacy present in his or her life. Being new to the term or not, sponsors come in various forms and can be positive or negative to someone and his or her literacy. The sponsors of whom I am going highlight are my parents, The Sesame Street Show, and my elementary and middle school St. Mary’s all of whom have been positive sponsors to my literacy by setting high expectations and providing quality teaching, which still impacts my literacy today. Like many parents, mine were supportive of my learning and development at an early age and as I grew, they read to me along with other learning techniques. My mother and father read various children s books to me in their spare time; and after I had matured some had me read along as well. The books we read together consisted of fairy tale books and short stories such as The Turtle and the Hare. Reading together helped me learn a wider variety of words and inspired myself to pursue reading at an early age on my own. When I was around the age of four or five; my mother and father bought me the leapfrog read along toy as a birthday gift. The toy came with children’s books and a pen that was used to follow along asShow MoreRelatedMy Literacy Narrative1678 Words   |  7 PagesInstructor Paper 1 January 10,2013 I ve loved to read and write ever since I was taught my ABC s for the first time. It s been a huge part of my life in a lot of different aspects. I learned how to read when I was three years old because I went to a daycare where I was the youngest kid and the only one who couldn t read. Reading and writing just stuck with me after that. 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